• Movement analysis and kinematic modeling became a core methodological pattern in Physical Medicine, employing electrogoniometers, three-dimensional (3D) knee and limb kinematics, and quantitative movement measurement to link biomechanics with clinical rehabilitation [2], [7], [9], [12].

• Disuse atrophy and muscle weakness across the lower extremity linked inactivity or disease with rehabilitation strategies, spanning quadriceps atrophy, skeletal muscle disuse, and post-stroke motor recovery [4], [6], [8], [16], [17].

• Exercise physiology and cardiovascular health are central, connecting physical activity with cardiovascular disease prevention, exercise capacity, and physiological adaptations [5], [10], [18], [19].

• Measurement science and reliability in movement research emphasize standardized methods for daily activity and clinical biomechanics, guiding reproducible data in gait and pedometer studies [12], [14], [15].

• Neuromuscular rehabilitation and disease‑driven motor control explore neurorehabilitation strategies such as biofeedback after stroke and muscular dystrophy research, linking neural control to functional strength and recovery [13], [17].